Freed Blacks rights after the Civil War Essay - 544 Words

Freed Blacks rights after the Civil War During the year of 1865, after the North’s victory in the Civil War, the Republican Party began to pass national legislation in order to secure free blacks’ rights. Through the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the constitution, the republicans tried to protect and establish black freedoms. At the same time southern state legislators were passing laws to restrict free blacks’ freedoms. Through the use of black codes and vagrancy laws, the south attempted to keep blacks in a state of slavery. These laws were worded in a way such that blacks rights would be so restricted that it would remain impossible for them to gain any real freedom. In one Mississippi black code, the law allowed for†¦show more content†¦The seventh section of these black codes allowed for the return of freed blacks to their employers if they were to quit â€Å"the service of his or her employer before the expiration of his or her term of service without good cause.† What a blacks’ term of service and what defined just cause for ending that term of service, would likely be left up to the employer, creating a system which virtually defined slavery itself. Since blacks were required to be employed, this meant that they could be held in slave-like conditions to white employers. In Mississippi and elsewhere, vagrancy laws were another tool used by southern whites to maintain power over free blacks. In Mississippi these laws defined any black not having employment, meeting with other blacks or whites unlawfully, or being intimately involved with a member of the opposite race as vagrants. Consequently, they could then be fined and/or jailed. These laws also allowed for any free Negro who could not pay his fine to be hired out to any white man who was willing to pay the debt. This set up a system in which a free black was confined to working for a white employer who could dictate control over most of their lives, or be declared a vagrant and then hired out into a similar position. Without black suffrage, free blacks had no way of changing these laws, which could keep them in a perpetual state of servitude. Blacks were forced to rely entirely on national republican legislation toShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The Civil War1228 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the Civil War, the fact that slavery was abolished might seem to be the end of the story; however, the problems derived from the abolishment of slavery had yet to be addressed. During the Reconstruction Era, these problems were reflected on the political, social, and economic aspects. 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The Accuracy And Validity Of Autobiographical Memory Among...

The accuracy and validity of autobiographical memory among individuals who have experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been questioned since these experiences are highly emotional and traumatic. Some individuals may believe that recovered memories through the use of therapy or spontaneously may be recalled in an effort to gain money in a court case or seek revenge against an individual. In order to examine whether this statement of a disbelief in the accounts of individual’s experience with CSA is valid, the components of autobiographical memory, the specificity in the recall of autobiographical memory among repressed, recovered and continuous memories for individuals having experienced CSA, as well as the cognitive aspect of autobiographical memory will be presented. Autobiographical memory is divided into two components, which are personal semantic information and personal episodic information (Holland Kensinger, 2010). Personal semantic information is information that you know about yourself such as your name and birthplace. While personal episodic information is information about a specific event in your life such as the first time you learned how to ride a bike. In relation to CSA, personal semantic information would be the victim knowing the name of the perpetrator of the crime. As for personal episodic information, it would be remembering the experience of having been a victim of CSA as a whole. Personal episodic information entails further processes such as

Franco Zeffirelli And Baz Luhrmanns Romeo And Juli Essay Example For Students

Franco Zeffirelli And Baz Luhrmanns Romeo And Juli Essay etFranco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and JulietSex, drugs, and violence are usually a potent combination, and onlyWilliam Shakespeare could develop them into a masterful, poetic, and elegantstory. In the play, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, all these aspects ofteenage life absorb the reader or watcher. It is understood that Hollywoodwould try to imitate this masterpiece on screen, and it has done so in twofilms: Franco Zeffirellis 1968 Romeo and Juliet and Baz Luhrmanns 1996William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. The updated Luhrmann picture bestcaptures the essence of Shakespeare for the present-day viewer. Through theingenious use of modernization and location, while preserving Shakespeareanlanguage, the spirit of Shakespeare emerges to captivate a large audience. Shakespeares plays were designed to adapt to any audience: with this inmind, Baz Luhrmann created a film that applies to the modern audience throughthis updating. Luhrmann modernizes Romeo and Juliet, through constantalterations of the props, which entice the audience into genuinely feeling thespirit of Shakespeare. First, the movie starts with an prologue masked as anews broadcast on television. This sets the scene of the play by illustratingthe violence occurring between the two wealthy families, the Montagues and theCapulets. In Zeffirellis film of Romeo and Juliet, the prologue takes theform of a dry narrator relating the story of the Montagues and Capulets over abackdrop of an Italian city. For most modern viewers (especially teenagers),the Luhrmann picture is fast-paced, keeping the spectator intrigued, while theZeffirelli picture is dreary and dull, an endless maze of long and boringconversations, foreshadowed by the prologue. In Luhrmanns film, the actors,instead of carrying swords with them, hide guns in their shirts and wield themexpertly. The death of Romeo and Juliet is (as always) blamed on the postoffice, for not delivering the letter properly. And, to be politically correct,Mercutio appears at the Capulets ball dressed as a large woman. The actors inZeffirellis version of Shakespeare wear colored tights and bulging blouses;thus they appear more comical because they are outdated. By modernizing theseaspects of the play, and reconstructing the prologue, Luhrmann creates a moviethat is more interesting to the modern viewer, and captures the essence ofShakespeares writings. Evidencing this viewer-friendliness, the 1996 WilliamShakespeares Romeo and Juliet made almost twelve million dollars in the monthof November alone due to its clever alterations. As well as updating Shakespeares play to the present decade throughprops, Baz Luhrmanns film is more enjoyable because of the vibrant settings. The Zeffirellis Romeo and Juliet occurs in an ancient Italian city, withcobblestone streets and Roman mansions. Although the original play was meant tobe performed in this setting, the modern viewer cannot relate to the environment,and thus has a hard time understanding the plot. In Luhrmanns version of the play, the Capulets and Montagues first meetin a gas station, where they exchange insults. In the older version of Romeoand Juliet, the Montagues and Capulets meet in the narrow streets of their city. For a modern teenager, a gas station is a more believable location for a fight,for many gang wars (in life and in the theater) actually take place in this sortof turf. This location helps to describe the extreme situation of the fightingfamilies. Also, the masquerade ball of the Capulets occurs in a believablelocation: a giant dance hall, reminiscent of many New York night clubs anddiscos. With a soaring ceiling and a wall-long tropical fish tank, Romeo andJuliet meet, as if attending a fantastic high school dance. In Zeffirellisversion of Shakespeare, however, the two lovers meet in a dismal costume ball,while watching a minstrel sing a doleful acappella tune. This 1968 version ofthe great celebration seems to have no style, action, or romance. The 1996version, however, has wild yet graceful camera angles and loud music, to keepthe average teenager from leaving the theater. .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 , .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 .postImageUrl , .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 , .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07:hover , .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07:visited , .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07:active { border:0!important; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07:active , .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07 .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue57c0a4df27dfb5c6b3bb4be44673f07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Crime Detection EssayThe last setting change that creates a radical experience is the mostfamous balcony scene. In the latest rendition of the play, though, the balconyis skillfully interchanged with a pool. This produces an intense scene (inwhich the actors are fully clothed) that is more interesting than thetraditional balcony scene of the Zeffirelli film because it is more extravagantand revolutionary. The setting change and the constant updating in Luhrmanns film is onlyenhanced by the use of the original Shakespearean language to create theultimate Romeo and Juliet. For example, in order to preserve the Elizabethanlanguage, the guns of the rival factions are labeled Rapier, or Dagger.Thus, when a character asks for his long sword or knife, he is not beinganachronistic. Also, to avoid changing the Shakespearean language, Tybalt wearsa jacket with the logo King of Cats, which is his nickname. In Zeffirellisversion of the story, however, the audience must know the origin of this name tobe able to understand its connection to Tybalt. The actors do not wear anyidentifying marks (such as the mark on Tybalts jacket) to help the observerunderstand the play. Baz Luhrmanns William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is a film thattransforms Shakespeares writings into a contemporary location, with modernconcepts, yet keeps the language of Shakespeare alive. Compared to FrancoZeffirellis Romeo and Juliet, Luhrmanns picture is easier to understand fora modern audience, and more relevant to a modern viewer. The 1996 version ofthe play consequently captures the spirit of Shakespeares writing: to entertainany audience. Said the director, Baz Luhrmann of the film:The idea behind the created world was that its a made up world composed of20th century icons, and these images are there to clarify whats being said,because once the viewer understands it, the power and the beauty of thelanguage work its magic.

The Marshall Decision Essays - Fisheries, Fishing, Mikmaq

The Marshall Decision Who: Donald Marshall (a Mikmaq fisherman), Native and non-native fisherman, Supreme Court of Canada and Herb Dhaliwal (minister of Fisheries and ocean). Where: Burnt Church, Miramichi Bay Issue: Donald Marshall, a mikmaq fisherman took a case to the Supreme Court of Canada arguing that a treaty from 1760 gave him aboriginal fishing rights and he won the trail justifying three conviction he had on fishing with out a license, fishing off season and fishing with illegal nets. After the Court ruled in Marshalls favor, many native fisherman started fishing off season as well. The Minister of Fisheries and Ocean, Herb Dhaliwal, than banned fishing from the Miramichi Bay to conserve the sea life, which is being endangered by the off season fishing. The Minister of Fisheries and Ocean explained that the lobster are being caught before they have time to reproduce themselves, but aboriginal fisherman fought that the federal fishing regulations did not apply to them and that they would continue fishing. Also that they had their own way of conserving and keeping track of the lobster in the Miramichi bay. Non- native fisherman, angry with the choices currently made destroyed and vandalized native fishing traps to prevent them from fishing. The Indigenous people concerned with the safety of their people put native warriors at the bay to protect any native traps or native fisherman from being harmed. There still continues to be violent confrontation and threats between native and non-native fisherman over the Marshall decision till this day. The question asked by many is which is more important, the right of aboriginal people or the conservation of Canadas natural resources. The Supreme Court of Canada and the Minister of Fisheries and Ocean continue to look for a solution that will satisfy all parties involved in this matter. Bibliography 1. www.newsworld.cbc.ca This site had reliable news coverage and facts. The information was non based and there many in-depth stories involving the Marshall decision. The site was very high quality and professionally organized. From this site I managed to get the basics on the Marshall Decision and with a little searching I found some information on Donald marshalls past. I. would give this site a very good rating probably nine out of ten. 2. www.arcbc.tripod.com This site had lots of information and some history on aboriginal rights. the problem was that it was extremely biased. I wouldn't say that all the information was reliable though because of the biased in it. The information made it appear as if the aboriginal fisherman were victimized and that the law was unfair to them. It seemed more like an opinion than facts. I would give this site probably a five out of ten. 3. www.picpress.com This site was not biased, but it was very criticizing. I liked what the writer thought of the situation, but It probably isn't very accurate. I seemed more like an opinion as well, but with an interesting way of looking at things. I would give this site a 7 out of ten. 4. www.southam.com This site was also biased, against Donald Marshall. It had a story on one of Marshalls other victories in with Marshall won the metis people the right to hunt moose in the off season in New Brunswick. He described how metis people started over killing the moose in that location and that soon moose with be a rare in New Brunswick. I thought this story was similar to the fishing issue. The story probably would not be that reliable since it an opinion. I would give this site an 6 out of ten. 5. www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca This site had lots of information on the issue. It also had some informative diagrams on the area closure and lobster life cycle explaining why the bay should be banned from fishing. The information wasn't biased and the facts were reliable. I would rate this site a nine out of ten. Social Issues

Defining Rheumatoid Arthritis essays

Defining Rheumatoid Arthritis essays to most people arthritis means pain and stiffness in the joins. Indeed, if you trace the word arthritis to its Greek roots you will discover that it means inflammation (itis) of the joints (arthron). In practice the word is used to describe more than one hundred joint disorders, many of which are not caused by inflammation at all. There are several forms of arthritis which do begin as significant inflammation in the joints, and this inflammation cause damage to the joints. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the so called inflammatory for of arthritis. With RA, inflammation plays a major role in causing joint problems. This inflammation can bring about warmth and swelling in the joints in addition to significant stiffness and pain. It is believed that the inflammation of RA causes other problems, too. Peoples with RA often have such symptoms as fatigue, low-grade fever, decreased appetite, depression, and muscle aches along with pain and swelling in their joints. In, fact many peopl e with RA say that they just dont feel well. These people are describing malaise, a vague feeling of illness. This overall feeling of illness is common with RA because the condition is systemic, meaning that it can affect more than one part of the body. RA is also referred to as a chronic illness because if can last for months or years. The joints in RA vary from one person to another. For example, some people have painful joints only in there hands, whereas others may experience pain in there knees and feet. One on the distinguishing characteristics of RA, however, is the particular pattern of specific joints that can potentially become affected. Those most commonly involved in RA are finger joints, wrists, elbows, shoulders, some joints in the neck, jaw, hips, knees, ankles, feet, and toe joints. RA most often affects the body symmetrically, meaning that arthritis on one side of the body affects the other side equa ...

The Night Nurse essays

The Night Nurse essays Grace has many meanings in the English language today. One of these meanings is to be pardoned from ones actions. In The Night Nurse, by Joyce Carol Oates, Grace Burkhardt is pardoned many times in her life. She is pardoned from dying, pardoned from her actions toward others, and eventually pardons herself from her actions. In life, we are given grace, a pardon for our actions, many times, The first example of grace being given is Grace Burkhardts life being saved physically. She could have died, but was instead saved, and was given more time to live. The doctors saved her life, not because they chose her, but because of their job. Grace was not pardoned by the doctors, but by God, who allowed her to live a while longer on the earth. She would have died from pulmonary embolism, had she not been saved by the doctors. Pulmonary embolism would have been caused by a massive blood clot in her leg which, had it broken free would have been carried to her heart, and would have killed her instantly. Instead of dying, at this place and time, Grace is given more time to I have experienced this type of grace many times throughout my life. Although when I first received this grace, I may have not known I was receiving it. A few instances of when I have been shown grace, is while I was driving. I took gravel roads to school, and Ive had my share of ditches. I have been shown grace in that I have never been hurt. And the car that I was driving has never been damaged. Instead of coming out of the accident with no injuries, I could have had really serious injuries, or not have come out at all. There have been many deaths in my high school because of gravel roads, and I could have been one of those deaths, had I not been given grace to continue living. The second example of Grace receiving grace ...

The Use of Paper Cups and Wrapping Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Use of Paper Cups and Wrapping - Assignment Example The increased awareness in the market for the need to be environmentally conscious requires that businesses illustrate their commitment to environmental conservation. This will work towards portraying attitude to a firm’s customers that it is focused on addressing their concerns and that their products are reflective of this commitment. Giving clients and customers the opportunity to have their coffees served in plastic or paper cups illustrates a business’s commitment to their customers’ opinion. The potential of and heightened appeal for environmentally conscious merchandise in the market, gives a product increased visibility. This is an aspect that cannot even be achieved by conventional advertising or it could consume a lot of resources to attain such brand visibility. Paper wrapping and cups give businesses in the beverage industry an opportunity to take advantage of this and increase their brands’ visibility in the market (Imhoff, 2005). Increased br and visibility has the potential to boost a firm’s market share in their line of business operations. The use of reusable and recyclable paper cups and wrapping for various uses reduces the pressure that is put on the environment through pollution, littering and environmental degradation. Paper wrapping and cups are biodegradable, which implies that they are easily destroyed, in nature, unlike plastic and stray-foam cups that take long to decompose. Plastic and other non-degradable materials take a long time to decompose thus; they have long-lasting and harmful effects on the environments. Using disposable paper cups and packaging for coffee, vegetables, fruits and other beverages is an ecofriendly way to live in a sustainable manner that is not harmful to the environment (Imhoff, 2005).

Technology Fundamentals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technology Fundamentals - Essay Example The literature, art and history on the matter should be explored to reduce the doubts and blanks about the objective kept. Comparison between those should be done to dig most appropriate ideas and facts. Lakota Sioux culture poses an interesting and profound one which creates a domain of better analytical and reading opportunities. The areas of their prevalence, linguistic values, beliefs, tradition, dressing styles etc. all are equally important for the study. The culture of Lakota Sioux is being identified from various sources giving rigid support for out studies. Students should understand the distinct facts and values of Lakota Sioux culture through the completion of the set learning objective. â€Å"Rosebud Traditional Lakota Radio Station† is good source for Lakota Sioux cultural appreciation which helps in â€Å"building an independent traditional radio station on rosebud† (Rosebud traditional Lakota radio station and drive, n.d., para.1). The radio broadcast helps to revitalizes the courage, strength and quintessence of self-important Lakota Sioux culture. The broadcast is carried out as KINI FM 96.1 with much support given to spreading the virtues and traits of Lakota Sioux through various music programs which are connected to classic as well as modern touches of their culture. The other perspectives to be observed are the history, art and performance of Lakota Sioux. The films are very good sources of these factors explicitly. Two films named "Lakota Quillwork: Art and Legend-A Story of Sioux Porcupine Quilling: Past and Present. 1990" and "TAHTONKA: The Plains Indians and Their Buffalo Culture. 1973† can be utilized for achieving our learning objective. (Maldonado & Winick, 2004, para.3). It is a tradition among Lakota females to conduct ‘porcupine quilling’ which is being covered completely in the film Lakota Quillwork: Art and Legend-A Story of Sioux Porcupine Quilling: Past and Present. The audience get ideas on

Development of a Home Messaging and Communication System Essay Example for Free

Development of a Home Messaging and Communication System Essay This is group coursework. Groups should have between 3 to 5 people. Do only one of the assignments described below. Read everything before you decide which to tackle. Assignment 1 Home Messaging System Many people live in a house or flat with others. People may live fairly independently with different interests and routines, or they may be more closely involved with each others’ lives. Whichever is the case, they will probably need to coordinate their activities with each other. They may benefit from ways of recording and sharing reminders about events such as appointments or significant dates. They may need ways to record and coordinate over tasks such as chores around the place. They may benefit from ways of indicating problems, requests for information or action, ways just saying â€Å"hello† and ‘greasing the wheels’ of communal living, or even ways of addressing conflicts if they occur. The messages people currently leave for each other can take many forms. They may use Post-its, whiteboards, pinboards or other surfaces that can be written on. The practices of information sharing may evolve over many years and are often designed to fit carefully into peoples’ lives. However, written messages may have disadvantages: they tend to be static and not easily updated; they also are fixed in one location, whereas people are mobile and may need access to notes and messages even when they aren’t at the location where the message was created. Coursework Instructions Research, prototype and evaluate a digital Home Messaging device or system that people in a house or flat can use to share the kinds of information they need to coordinate activities with one another and enable good, happy social relations. The details of what they can do will depend on what you find out by doing some user-research. The system you develop should have an interface within a shared space, but may also work in coordination with devices at other locations. Assignment 2 Mobile Museum or Art Gallery System Museums and art galleries make an important contribution to our cultural landscape. A visit to a museum or art gallery can happen for many reasons. People may want to learn, be reflective, to be entertained or to have a fun day out with friends and family. People may have a deep interest in what they will see there or they may just want something to do on a rainy afternoon. Image by EmilySuran (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons Digital technology can provide opportunities for enhancing these experiences in a number of ways. They may offer information before a visit. During a visit users might want information or to communicate in some way. Mobile devices can be location-aware. For example, this can be done using QR codes. A QR (Quick Response) code (see image below) is a matrix barcode which can be scanned by a device fitted with a camera (such as a smart phone). A user could scan a code next to an exhibit to launch some location-based service. And after the visit there may be some follow-up activities, perhaps using information about what interested them. A QR code Coursework Instructions Research, prototype and evaluate a system that could be used by people to enhance their experiences in museums and/or art galleries in some way. The service could provide information and/or enhance shared experiences. It could help them learn or make things fun. The system could integrate with a web-based system to allow people to do things before or after a trip. Again, the details of will depend on what you find out by doing some user-research. General Instructions Whichever project you do it must involve the following major activities: 1. user-research 2. prototyping 3. evaluation 4. prototype revision In other words, follow an iterative design approach. Each step should inform the next. It should be clear how the research has informed the design, and how the evaluation has informed the revised design. As an alternative to traditional user-research methods you might like to try auto ethnography. Auto ethnography is an approach which seeks to describe and systematically analyse personal experience. If you do this you will be graded on the methods you use to acquire and analyse useful experiences and the quality of the insights that this gives you. For any activity that involves human participants you must complete a Middlesex University School of Engineering and Information Sciences Research Consent (Form C) and a Declaration Form and Ethical Approval Request (Form D). Have your consent form approved by your tutor before you start each phase of user engagement and have them sign your form D. The forms can be found in the ‘Useful Forms’ section of the Middlesex University, School of EIS Ethics Research Webpage. Assessment The work will be assessed in parts: Group Progress Review Presentation – 25% of total mark The presentation should describe the work you have done and your plans for completing the assignment. Group members will only receive a mark if they make a reasonable contribution to the presentation, with each receiving the same mark. Individual Final Report – 75% of total mark The final report should be no more than 4000 words (not including appendixes). Each group member will receive an individual mark. The report should be structured as follows (maximum marks awarded are shown in brackets as a percentage of marks awarded for the report): * Introduction (10%) * User Research (15%) * Prototype (15%) * Evaluation (15%) * Prototype revision (10%) * Discussion (10%) * Appendices containing all appropriate ethics forms1 (15%) An additional 10% will be awarded for presentation of the report. All marks will depend on the separate submission of your raw data. [ 1 ]. http://www.eis.mdx.ac.uk/research/groups/Alert/Ethics_Research/forms.html

Is Hypertext the Future for Reading? :: Teaching Writing Education Essays

Is Hypertext the Future for Reading? Hypertext has significantly altered the traditional role of the reader. It has provided an opportunity for the reader to become more engaged in the actual text the reader encounters. The reader now has the power to pick and choose topics they may want to learn more about by engaging in a multi-linear fashion of reading. A rather dramatic shift of power from the author to the reader allows the reader to construct their own personal path through a story, reading whatever strikes their fancy. Readers are no longer forced to start at page one and finish with the last page. With hypertext there is no definite end to a story by any means. I experienced this first hand with the hypertext fictional story â€Å"Dissapearing Rain† by Deena Larsen. I read â€Å"Rain†, a hypertext on the web, and found the story very confusing. I found myself confused as to where to click and what I needed to know to understand the story. With every click came a multitude of options that only opened a number of more options. Throughout the story I had an overwhelming feeling that I was missing vital information by picking and choosing which hyperlinks to follow. â€Å"Such violations of clarity and causality seem to be defining qualities of all hypertexts that permit the reader to make significant choices in the order of presentation.† (Bolter 129) I realized that I was reading a story that had no pre-ordained order. The author allowed her readers to decide where the story would take them, a rather awkward challenge I had never before appreciated while surfing the web. It came as quite a shock when I understood how complicated reading a hypertext fictional story could be. I was no longer being led through a story with an author’s complete authority; I was now given choices. I was the one to decide where the story was going to take me and how I wanted to experience it. The hypertext fiction â€Å"Rain† allowed an option of following specific characters. I figured this would be the best way to possibly decrease the amount of hyperlinks offered, but I was wrong.

Family is an extraordinarily important aspect of my life Essay

My mother, above everyone else in my life, has had a significant influence on me. My mom has said that if the whole world turns their back on you, your family will always be there for you. She has always been there for me. She is an absolutely amazing human being and a great role model. Everyday I see how she handles having four children, manages a household and a career. Through her example, I have learned to make good decisions and be very responsible. My mother inspires me everyday. She has taught me to not only respect other people’s opinions, but to formulate my own opinions as well. She showed me that I can do anything I put my mind to and has told me to always stand up for myself. I started to play soccer when I was in second grade and I came to love it. Years ago when I was playing soccer, I was not getting much playing time during games. I was not one of the strongest players but I played well. I was disappointed about the games and talked to my mom about it. She said rather than her talking to the coach I should remind the coach that I was not getting enough playing time. During the next game I stood by the coach and asked to be put in. It worked. I got more playing time and the coach noticed how well I played. He complimented me on my game and from that point on I didn’t have to ask for more playing time. I am glad that she encouraged me to stand up for myself. From this experience, I learned that in life you have to fight for what you want. My mom has shown me that we should not only take from the community, but also give back. I volunteer with the Girl Scouts and at a local church as much as possible. With my church youth group I have visited a Veteran’s home to talk with the residents and keep them company. We also have done a rake and run where we rake the leaves of elderly or disabled people. I was voted onto a core team by my peers. On the core team I help the advisers lead the group at meetings and volunteer services. Because of my mom’s encouragement, I work extremely hard at school and everything I do. She has inspired me to push myself to the limit and beyond. My mom has taught me to live my life to its fullest. Life is a journey and my mom has taught me many things along the way. College is the next step in my journey and I am going to take everything I have learned along with me. My mom has not only influenced my life, but is my absolute hero. The lessons she has taught me will be instilled in me foreve

Importance of Eucharist in the Catholic Faith

Eucharist in the Catholic Faith In order to understand the Catholic faith, a person has to know the mysteries of the church, or in other words, sacraments. Sacraments are special occasions where God’s presence can be felt. Each sacrament provides us with grace with the life of God in our souls. Eucharist is one of the essential sacraments in the church because it is a way of literally bonding with Christ Himself, as He is truly present under the appearance of bread and wine. Receiving the host is important in the Catholic faith because it strengthens our relationship with God.When we receive communion, Christ dwells in us and we in Him. As the bread is broken down, the Holy Spirit sets us free and cleanses us from our sins. Taking communion must remind each individual that Christ will dwell in our bodies. This should make us more respectful to others and ourselves by following a Christ-like behavior. A person not taking communion will not be worthy of the Kingdom of Heaven. Go d Himself said: â€Å"Whoever eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life and I will raise him up at the last day. (John 6:54) The Eucharist is a share in the inheritance of Heaven. Our vocation on this earth is to be holy and to follow God’s commandments, which include taking the Eucharist, so we can live with God eternally. Whenever someone is taking communion, he is reminded with God’s love to us. Communion is a reminder that God died to save us on the cross to shed His blood for us. Communion is Christ sharing His heavenly award with us. Before He was betrayed, Jesus told His disciples to eat the bread and drink the wine.We still we still practice this until now as a way of remembering the sacrifice of God’s Son who paid the ultimate price for the atonement of our sins. In conclusion, the Eucharist is definitely one of the important sacraments according to the Catholic faith. Without it, none of us will be saved on the last day. Taking communion regu larly helps strengthen the relationship with Christ, as each person meets Him on the alter every Sunday. Without His salvation on the cross, we wouldn’t be able to enjoy all the Holy gift of the Eucharist.

IRAQ essays

IRAQ essays In line with Baghdad's policy of at least apparent compliance with U.N. inspections in the hope of averting a threatened U.S. attack, an Iraqi official said a statement would be provided Saturday a day before time runs out. "We are going to deliver this declaration in the proper time on the seventh of this month and the people here, the UNMOVIC and IAEA, will take this declaration to New York and Vienna," said Hussam Mohammed Amin, head of the Iraqi National Monitoring Directorate, referring to the two arms inspection bodies. Asked if the declaration would include any new elements, he said: "Of course the declaration will have new elements but these new elements will not, shall we say, necessarily include a declaration of the presence of weapons of mass destruction. "We are a country devoid of weapons of mass destruction. This fact is known to all countries including the United States of America and Britain and all those concerned." U.S. President George Bush said Monday Iraq had to supply a "credible and complete" list of its nuclear, biological and chemical weapons by Sunday the Dec. 8 deadline set by U.N. Security Council Resolution 1441. In the range of Iraqi technology being investigated by U.N. experts, there are many gray areas such as components which can be used to produce weapons of mass destruction, but can also be used in conventional arms or peaceful civilian activities. Baghdad's promised declaration might fall within such gray areas. A source close to the U.N. inspectors told Reuters Iraqi officials had recently admitted to trying to acquire aluminum tubing in violation of U.N. sanctions, but not for use in the production of nuclear arms as the U.S. and Britain alleged. An Iraqi spokesman however denied Tuesday that Iraq had made any such admission at all. ...

Creative Writing 5 Tips for Writing a Novel

Creative Writing 5 Tips for Writing a Novel Creative Writing: 5 Tips for Writing a Novel Even though creative writing gives you much more freedom than academic writing, it takes a lot of time, effort, and dedication to master. Luckily, if you are writing a novel, there are a few things you can do to make sure you end up with something you can be proud of. 1. Start Small One mistake aspiring novelists make is leaping right into writing a full-length novel. If you’ve not written fiction before, consider starting with a few short stories. This will let you hone your creative writing skills before you set to work on your seven-volume masterpiece! Not exactly what we had in mind, but sure.(Photo: kelly taylor/flickr) 2. Where to Begin? Speaking of starting points, coming up with an idea for your story is one of the trickiest parts of writing a novel. The old adage of â€Å"write what you know† applies here, so one option is to base a story on something in your life or something you’ve observed. Another top tip is starting with a character. Who is your story going to be about? What is their background? Where do they live? What challenges do they face? If you can answer these questions, the rest of your story should start falling into place. 3. Have a Plan Once you have a basic idea for your story, you should take some time to make a plan before you begin writing. Try to consider what the major plot points will be, who the main characters are, and what the end point will be. You might need a bit more detail than this. You don’t have to stick to this rigidly once you get going, but it should give you a basic structure you can use to guide your writing. 4. Give Yourself a Quota Every author has days when they don’t feel like they can get anything done or when the words seem to come out wrong. But don’t let this put you off! Give yourself a quota of words to write each day. This doesn’t have to be much (even a few hundred or a thousand words a day will add up eventually). They don’t even have to be perfect (you can edit later, so resist the urge to hit â€Å"delete†). The important thing is to keep going. 5. Edit Ruthlessly! Once you have a first draft, take some time away (have someone else read it and give you feedback if you can). But when you do come back to your manuscript, be brutal! Editing your own work can be painful, but it has to be done. Make your story as streamlined as possible. This means making small cuts where redundant words and phrases appear. But it can also mean cutting sections that aren’t essential to the plot, such as unnecessary scene-setting. Red pen optional.(Photo: Nic McPhee/flickr) If you can do this, you should end up with a much better novel as a result!

Month Practicum Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Month Practicum Report - Assignment Example The transfer specialist’s responsibilities are to determine the eligibility and suitability of the applicant by using written administration policies and procedures, client interviews and document verification. Essentially, my job description is to conduct interviews of new and current applicants to determine their eligibility, and provide case management to nearly 600 Section 8 HCVP contract lease negotiations. What this entails is I help determine housing assistance payments, tenant rent calculations, and provide education and counseling for the applicants and the participants in the Section 8 HCVP. This allows for resolution of any concerns between the owner, tenant and the housing authority by interpreting and implementing the regulations and guidelines set forth by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). I am also responsible for updating tenant records using Yardi and SharePoint, doing criminal background checks, closing sales force tickets, completing bri efings and other duties as they are assigned to me. My department is divided into three teams, A, B and C, my team being A. team A serves MONTH PRACTICUM REPORT 2 new clients and current tenants in a many areas around Chicago, and in several different property types. The property types that my team and I help people with are called HCV-vash, which is for homeless veterans. The HUD program has allocated more than 10,000 vouchers to local public housing authorities countrywide to provide permanent supportive housing for homeless veterans. We also connect veterans with case managers to insure that they receive the health care and benefits assistance they need to help them move forward in their lives. The second housing type my team and I help with is Housing Choice Voucher Disaster Victim Program (HCVDVP), which is a disaster voucher program for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita victims. This program (formerly known as the Katrina Disaster Housing Assistance Program) allows victims of the Hu rricanes Katrina and Rita disaster areas to qualify for a special Disaster Voucher Program (DVP) for former public housing and Section 8 voucher holders. Unlike regular vouchers, there is no family contribution to the gross monthly rent. The DVP provides monthly housing assistance payments that are the lesser of the monthly gross rent, or the voucher payment standard. Monthly gross rent is the rent to the owner of the property, plus any utility allowance for tenant-provided utilities. A family may rent a unit with a gross rent greater than the payment standard, but the family must pay the difference even if it exceeds 40% of their income. If the rent to the property owner is less than the payment standard and the lease requires the family to pay utilities, the Public Housing Authority (PHA) will reimburse the family an amount equal to the difference between the housing assistance payment and the rent. MONTH PRACTICUM REPORT 3 In the last type of housing, it is called the Housing Cho ice Voucher Family Unification Program (HCVFUP). This program provides Housing Choice Voucher rental assistance to families whose lack of adequate housing is a primary cause of separation or imminent separation of a child or children from their families. The Family Unification Program (FUP) is provided to eligible families so that children will not be separated from their parents due to the lack of permanent,

Research evidence suggests that the great majority of western Essay

Research evidence suggests that the great majority of western multi-national companies decide against sending female expatriates to non-western countries. Evalu - Essay Example marily local nationals, and therefore must closely adhere to local norms on hiring--or not hiring--female managers, transnational corporations are not similarly limited; because the corporate culture of transnational firms is not coincident with the local culture of any particular country, transnationals have greater flexibility in defining selection and promotion criteria that best fit the firms needs rather than those that most closely mimic the historic patterns of a particular country’ (Adler, 1993, 4). The above differentiation between domestic companies and transnationals regarding the criteria set for the hiring of managerial staff has a significant value for the case of expatriates. Because transnationals, as explained above, are free to decide on their staff (in terms of not being ‘engaged’ by the local cultural demands) their decision on hiring expatriates cannot be examined as of its reasoning. Moreover, in order to understand the position and the role of expatriates we should refer to the following categories of foreign assignments as they have been presented by Bruning et al. (2005). More specifically, in accordance with the above researchers the ‘various types of foreign assignments include: a) Relocating an employee and family to a target country (expatriates); b) Developing management staff from the local country (inpatriates), or c) Utilizing employees in frequent short-terre assignments (flexpatriates) to transfer area-specific knowledge’ (Bruning et al., 2005, 21). According to a definition given by Gentry et al. (2001, 369) ‘business expatriates are sojourners sent to a foreign country by multinationals with the intent to control the company operations and to provide technical and administrative services’. The above descriptions of the role of expatriates are useful in order to understand their responsibilities but also their rights when deciding to be ‘engaged’ on this specific type of employment. At a first level, it has

Discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussions - Assignment Example The Enron fraud was revealed to the public in October 2001 and this ended up in the bankruptcy of the organization. While analyzing the Enron accounting impropriety, it appears that the company executives exploited accounting limitations with intend to create a false view of the cash flows and to prepare a misleading balance sheet. This inflated the profits. Fair accounting practices and proper annual reporting might have prevented the Enron scandal. Effect of Accounting Impropriety Although improper or illegal accounting practices may assist a firm to gain short term financial benefits, such practices can have dreadful consequences on the company in the long term. Undoubtedly, accounting malpractices will reduce stakeholder confidence in management and hence investors would be reluctant to invest in the company. This situation may adversely affect the firm’s overall financial performance. Management professionals opine that active stakeholder engagement in business is inevita ble to improve financial performance. Hence, in order to minimize the resulting impact of accounting impropriety on the business, making timely changes to the top management team and to publish proper annual reports is essential. ... Hence, it can be stated that bookkeeping constitutes the basic part or starting point of the accounting process. As Banerjee (2010) states, the scope of bookkeeping is restricted to systematic and repetitive recording of business transactions in ledger accounts through journal. In contrast, the accounting process involves the preparation of Trial Balance, Profit & Loss A/c, Income Statement, and Balance Sheet using accepted accounting principles. While bookkeeping is only a clerical job, accounting is an analytical job (p.4). Accounting Equation Accounting equation also referred to as balance sheet equation, reflects the relationship between assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity of a business. This equation is linked to the concept that total debits equal total credits. The accounting equation can be expressed as Assets = Liabilities + Capital. As accounting equation is fundamental to the double entry bookkeeping system, it can greatly support the work of professional accoun tants. More precisely, this equation is the basic idea behind the preparation of balance sheet. A good understanding of this equation can assist stakeholders, particularly investors to form potential business decisions. While making business decisions, it is important to give specific focus to liabilities rather than assets. Discussion 3 SOX and Accounting Professionals The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) has been recently introduced in the United States to promote fair reporting of asset valuation. The SOX framework necessitates proper financial accounting disclosure and therefore organizations are required to produce complete information of assets, depreciation, values, and status in any accounting period (Omnix Asset Management,

Large Scale Universe Essay Example for Free

Large Scale Universe Essay Cosmology, as defined by Encarta Dictionary is â€Å"the philosophical study of the nature of the universe. † This concern with viewing the universe and its vast issues and meaning takes the mind into a mysterious spectrum. The very foundation of Cosmology began with Astronomer Edwin Hubble in 1929. He discovered that other galaxies existed in the universe and determined that these galaxies were moving away from each other at a rate that was constant with the distance between them. The farther away from Earth the galaxy was, the faster they would be traveling away from us. In theory, this also proved that universe was expanding. This discovery assisted the profound astronomer with formulating Hubble’s Law, which directly contributed to giving astronomers the keys to discovering how old our universe is and proving that the universe is expanding. The Big Bang theory is the most notable theory about the creation of our universe, which happened more than 14 billion years ago. The process began to expand from particles released from the superior explosion and dropping temperatures. The process started as a small speck of matter and formed into a dense object as large as Earth from radiant energy and exotic particles called quarks or antiquarks. As the temperature dropped during this process, things such as protons and neutrons began to form together creating helium nuclei over a period of a few hundred thousand years. More than two billion years after the Big Bang, galaxies began to form as gravity started to collect and mass together irregular matter forming a sponge type structure. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, forms one billion years after this mark. Star clusters form from inside a giant sphere of gas and spiral arms take shape as settling gas forms into a disk shape displaying a centered core like formation. One example scientist conducted to prove the Big Bang Theory were scientist Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, who discovered cosmic microwave radiation in 1965 from the Holmdel antenna in New Jersey. They discovered that residue left over from the Big Bang explosion was forming low-level radiation pockets throughout the universe. This discovery along with Hubbles Law stating that galaxies were traveling away from us, builds a sturdy case in support of the big bang theory. The Milky Way galaxy is only one out of billions of galaxies floating throughout this vast space. It is flat in shape with a central bulge spiral shaped galaxy that carries more than 100 billion stars and is 100,000 light years in diameter. According to the Cosmic Perspective, â€Å"If dark matter is indeed the most common form of massing galaxies, it must have provided most of the gravitational attraction responsible for creating the protogalactic clouds. The hydrogen and helium gas in the protogalactic clouds collapsed inward and gave birth to stars, while weakly interacting dark matter remained in the outskirts because of its inability to radiate away orbital energy. According to this model, the luminous matter in each galaxy must still be nestled inside the larger cocoon of dark matter that initiated the galaxy’s formation, just as observational evidence seems to suggest. † Dark energy, discovered in 1998 by a team of three Astronomers, Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess, observed exploding stars to gather numbers for data to support the expanding universe. While attempting to grasp a better understanding of supernovae’s, they stumbled across evidence that supported the universe was expanding, but at an accelerated pace. This discovery, in an ongoing effort, changed our view of the expanding universe. Scientist do not know exactly why the universe is expanding at this rate, but dark energy seems to be forcing galaxies and large amounts of matter apart. The destiny of our universe relies on whether gravity can hold this force back from expanding rapidly. However, evidence shows that gravity is growing weaker even when matter is factored in. This proves that the rapidly expanding universe is not only increasing, but also will not stop increasing. The Theory of Everything stated by Brian Greene, is the theory to end theories. He states, â€Å"For the first time in the history of physics we therefore have a framework with the capacity to explain every fundamental feature upon which the universe is constructed. For this reason string theory is sometimes described as possibly being the, theory of everything (T. O. E. ) or the ultimate or final theory. These grandiose descriptive terms are meant to signify the deepest possible theory of physics—a theory that underlies all others, one that does not require or even allow for a deeper explanatory base† (Brian Greene, Theory of Everything, October 28, 2003). This theory projects a meaning for everything created in the universe down to the smallest particle all the way up to the largest particle, including all matter and its fundamental principles would be explained down to the deepest explanation at microscopic levels. This final theory would represent an unwavering support of rationality that would forever declare that the universe is an absolute intelligent source.

Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens Essay -- Nicholas Nickleby Charle

Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens Chapter 13 effectively encourages the reader to resent Squeers and see him as the villain, whereas Nicholas is portrayed as the hero and Smike and the other bays are lavished with sympathetic feelings. The chapter starts with a depressing description of the boys sleeping conditions, Dickens uses words like: feeble, ragged, and dull, to describe it, this powerful description makes the reader feel-strengthening hatred toward Squeers. Squeers is the headmaster at the boarding school "Dotheboys Hall"where Nicholas was sent to work by his uncle after his father's death. His father had only a small amount of money so he left it to his brother, and trusted him to look after his family, consisting of Nicholas's mother and Sister Kate. Nicholas's uncle is a hard remorseless man and sends Nicholas and his sister to work to earn their keep. The family are moved into a small dirty flat and given little money to live on. During Nicholas's time at Dotheboys Hall, he meets one of the boys "Smike" and befriends him. Smike has no parents to speak of so he is kept on as a servant to the family. Nearing the end of the chapter Nicholas inspires Smike to run away, unfortunately he is caught, resulting in the chapters climax. Squeers is about to beat Smike but then Nicholas steps in and following a fight, they make off together. Throughout the chapter Dickens enhances the reader's negative feelings towards Squeers. Dickens use of verbs to describe Squeers's actions ads, a greater depth to his character, using words like retorted, bounced and feasted. These words show the rage in Squeers's character, and the way he goes about daily life, they give the reader a sense of his disrespect... ...can be hard going to read Dickens's work, his highly expressive and intricate style of writing, can become incredibly engaging to the reader, as it does to me. You become almost used to it after a while .This stile gives the reader a sense of emotional involvement with the characters in the book. It makes the reader more in touch with the characters moods and personalities, giving the book a better dramatic influence on the reader. A favourite quotation: "`Which no doubt you would have been devilish sorry to do,' said Squeers in a taunting fashion." This line sums up Squeers's character as, the conniving villain that he undoubtedly is, but when said out loud in the proper style, this quotation can start a passion to read more writing in this style and explore the character from whose lips those word were said, rejoined, retorted, demanded, or even sneered.

An Interview Of International Students Education Essay

In order to acquire more precise information and direct consequences, the research was conducted by two chief methodological analysiss, which are interview, and concentrate group. Interview is one of the most effectual and direct manner to analyze the premise made antecedently and compares the consequences with expected 1s. It is besides a manner for participant to acquire involved and speak about their positions and the interviewees are able to discourse their perceptual experience and reading in relation to a given state of affairs. Some argued the interview is non merely concentrated on roll uping informations about life: it is portion of life itself ; its human embeddedness is ineluctable ( Cohen, et al. , 2000 ) . As my research is focused on certain groups of people ‘s life behaviour, therefore interview would be the primary method to be used. Structured interview was considered at first as I thought it would hold more control of the interview and it could be easier to compare all the consequences. However, as the inquiries are instead unfastened, replies are really different from each and during the interview, interviewee would give some reply that may raise another valuable inquiry. The information interviewee are able provide is really more than I thought earlier and it may be better to merely utilize semi structured interview and allow it be more free and that manner I could besides acquire more meritable consequences. Although different inquiries might be used during questioning different pupils, all the inquiries are relevant to the chief research intent. Furthermore, the flexibleness of semi structured interview could overpower the restrictions on statistical analysis that would ensue. And flexibleness in planing and polishing the interview ushers and in put to deathing interviews is perchance the most important key to success in utilizing this method ( Horton, et Al, 2004 ) . Corbetta ( 2003 ) illustrate points like for semi structured interview, within each subject, the interviewer is free to do the conversation as he thinks tantrum, to inquire the inquiries he finds appropriated in the words he considers best, to explicate the inquiries and inquire for elucidation if the reply is non clear and to make his ain manner of conversation. In semi structured interview, a specific hypothesis does non necessitate to be tested needfully by the interviewer ( David & A ; Sutton, 2004 ) . Because the research is seeking to happen out a consequence instead than to turn out a hypothesis, it may be better to follow this type of interview. Ten International pupils from different states were interviewed meanwhile five Chinese pupil were interviewed every bit good. The 15 interviewees claimed they all drink before the interviews officially start. In order to make a relaxed and private ambiance, all the interviews took topographic point in interviewees ‘ room and all of interviewees have their single room in No.11th edifice ( international pupils ‘ abode, No. 12th Building ( postgraduate pupils ‘ abode ) and No. 16th edifice ( Male pupils abode ) . Due to the turning away of mistranslation between Chinese and English, the interviews were conducted wholly in English and the replies were recorded by handwriting drumhead in English every bit good. Some inquiries were added after a few interview were done as comparing the replies between some Chinese pupil interviewees gave and some international pupil interviewees, there will be valuable inquiries emerged. And that could be seen as countries I did non expec t. Semi structured interview gives me chances to examine for thoughts and sentiments of the interviewee. Probing is understood as a manner for the interview to research new waies which were non ab initio thought ( Gray, 2004, p.217 ) . Besides cardinal subjects and sub-questions from interviewee give research worker a sense of order to make inquiries from unplanned brushs ( David & A ; Sutton, 2004, p.87 ) . For illustration, one inquiry was which manner of imbibing do you prefer: the typical Chinese pupil manner of imbibing ( i.e. purchase a bottle and blend it with soft drinks and portion it ) or typical Western pupil manner of imbibing ( i.e. everyone purchase their ain drink ) and why. Most of Chinese pupil and international pupil interviewee answered sooner typical Chinese pupil manner ; nevertheless Chinese pupil interviewee besides claimed they think international pupil by and large would non prefer the typical Chinese pupil manner of imbibing. Consequently a inquiry for inte rnational pupil interviewee â€Å" why do you believe some Chinese pupil claim they think international pupil would non prefer the typical Chinese pupil manner of imbibing † is add up. Furthermore, with the purpose of acquiring more in depth consequences, the model of focal point group were used as 2nd method. A focal point group is a structured group interview. It is an exploratory technique that sets out to happen a scope of sentiments about a peculiar subject ( Hawe et.al. , 1990 ) . Focus groups are particularly effectual for capturing information about societal norms and assortment of sentiment or positions within a population. The population of this research would be two peculiar group- international and Chinese pupils in UNNC. Denzin and Lincoln ( 1994, p.365 ) demonstrate that the term â€Å" concentrate group † could be used to a state of affairs in which the interviewer ask group members really specific inquiries about a subject after comparatively big research has already been completed. Because non everyone will hold the same positions and experiences and due to different in age, gender, entree to resources, and other factors-many different point of view will probably be expressed by participants. Within a survey, focal point groups are typically one method among many that are used to make a complete image of how given issue affects a community of people. Focus groups contributes to this wide apprehension by supplying reasoned informations on societal and cultural norms, the pervasiveness of these norms within the community, and people ‘s sentiment about their ain values. Denzin and Lincoln ( 1994, p.365 ) demonstrate that the term â€Å" concentrate group † could be used to a state of affairs in which the interviewer ask group members really specific inquiries about a subject after comparatively big research has already been completed. Because semi-structured interview had already been done at earlier phase and I want to happen out wider and more in de epness consequence, two focal point groups was formed, and participant were indiscriminately selected, and participants are wholly different from those who took portion in the interview. Harmonizing to Merton et Al, the size of the group should seemingly be determined by tow considerations: it should non be excessively big to manage and non to be excessively little it fails to supply better coverage that an interview with one person. Nevertheless, the figure of participants besides depends on the aims of the research ( Stewart & A ; Shamdasani, 1990 ) . Smaller groups including four to six people can be preferred when the participants have a great trade to portion the subject or hold had adequate experience with the subject that is traveling to be discussed ( Kreuger, 1988, p. 94 ) . Because of deficient clip and I am seeking to cut down cost, besides international pupils and Chinese pupils are both familiar with the research subject and they have their enthusiasm replying the inqui ries, each group consists of five members, of whom the first group with international pupils discusses four inquiries, the 2nd group with all Chinese pupils discoursing the same inquiries. Furthermore, a focal point group should be carefully planned treatment designed to ask perceptual experiences in a defined country of involvement in a permissive, non-threatening environment ( Kreuger, 1988, p. 18 ) . All the inquiries were pre planed and under the way of non being insistent as interview inquiries and the first group treatment took topographic point in a kitchen of international pupils abode, where is regarded like a common room for international pupils and the topographic point they have drinks and socialise. This manner all the participants may experience less intense and more permissive. To do certain the 2nd group participants have a relaxed atmosphere every bit good, the treatment occurred in the juice saloon, a topographic point where Chinese pupils ever like to socialise, l oosen up and holding treatment at that place. The process of the treatments were recorded by tape recording equipment and summarized in word paperss. Ethical motives: Ethical jobs and concerns are portion of mundane pattern of making all sorts of research, particularly in qualitative research. It is argued there are at least two major dimensions of moralss in qualitative research ( Guillemin & A ; Gillam, 2004 ) . The first 1 is â€Å" procedural moralss † that usually involves seeking blessing from a relevant moralss commission to set about research affecting worlds. The 2nd one is â€Å" moralss in pattern † that ethical issues originate in making the research. About the utility in turn toing ethical issues that originate in pattern, professional ethic codifications may be non practical and applicable but merely serve as general guidelines ( Guillemin & A ; Gillam, 2004 ) . Procedural moralss of my research would be evaluated. There are some countries in which ethical jobs face the judge such as keep backing the nature of the rating research from the participant, exposing participants to Acts of the Apostless that would harm them ; invasion of participant ‘s privateness and keep backing benefits from participant and so on ( House, 1993 ) . As for my research, ethic would be examined from the facets of informed consent, confidentiality and privateness. Informed consent in qualitative research is frequently consider unsafe as it indicate that the research worker knows before the event that what it will be in the terminal and its possible effects, nevertheless this is non the instance in qualitative research ( Eisner, 1991 ) . Although as my research is qualitative, I am non able to state the participants what the consequences would be and what effects it would convey, I did informed and explained all the participants the nature of the probe before the interview and concentrate group was initiated. Piccolo & A ; Thomas ( 2008 ) illustrated that the topic should show his/her credence of digesting fraudulence and incommodiousness and the research worker must vouch the safe calabash of confidentiality and the public assistance of the participant. Capable must be made feel that they could discontinue the survey at any clip without any penalty and reverberation. In my instance, all the participants were asked whether if they are willing t o reply the inquiries of their imbibing behaviour and besides give information about their parents ‘ imbibing behaviour as there are inquiries related in the interview. Additionally, they were informed if they feel uncomfortable replying some inquiries they could merely decline to reply it or discontinue the interview or treatment at any minute. Qualitative judges could ever cover with confidentiality by trying procedure and through proficient precautions when the information is analyzed ( Shaw, 2003 ) . The United States National Institution of Heath grants certifications of confidentiality for some probe incorporate private information that may take to stigmatisation or favoritism, information related to utilize of intoxicant, drugs or other habit-forming substances is one of them. Because my research is linked with the use of intoxicant, confidentiality is needed without any uncertainty. In order to do informations drumhead easier, I had asked all of the participants ‘ full name, age and nationality. Their information along with interview responds transcript is traveling to be destroyed after informations analysis is done. The record tape and the paperss that have all the information in would be destroyed and deleted. Interviewees and participants were told their information would be vanished after the research is d one and they gave their information voluntarily. Furthermore, I chose to hold the interviews and concentrate group in participants ain room protected participants ‘ privateness as they were speaking their ain behaviour. Restrictions The restrictions of this survey Begin with me, as a research worker. I am restricted with timing, deficiency of certain cognition and entree. Basically, being an undergraduate pupil, non-professional and missing in assurance due to this being the first research survey could impact what I have to show. One restriction of my research could be related to reflexiveness as semi structured interview is one of the method I used in the research. The interview has been important for deconstructing the production of cognition within research, taking to concerns over how we understand another individual ‘s â€Å" universe position † , however, when it comes to concerns over method or analysis within the academy, reflexiveness is frequently limited to either an analysis of the kineticss between the interviewer and the interviewee or warning of biased caused by temperament of the research worker ( Briggs, 2002 ) . As mentioned earlier, there were some inquiry of the interview were added and modified after a few interview as done, responds of some early interviewee have effects on the coevals of the inquiry. Their replies changed my perceptual experience of some certain country before planing the inquiries and I have to alter and add inquiries in the terminal to acquire more accura te and specific informations. Furthermore, being a Chinese pupil making interview that contains inquiries about other people ‘s position of Chinese pupils ‘ imbibing behaviour, interviewee sometimes may believe twice before replying some inquiries and being conservative non give all the responds they want because my nationality is impacting them. Besides there might be some grade of demand features existed during the interview. A demand characteristicA refers to an experimental artefact where participants form an reading of the experiment ‘s intent and unconsciously change their behaviour consequently. There are some of the inquiry of the interview could be misdirecting the interviewee give replies they anticipant the interviewer would desire. For illustration inquiry No. 17 assumed Chinese pupil would travel to the ideal pupil saloon on a regular basis, this may give them the incorrect thought I want the reply that there would be more interaction between Chinese a nd international pupils if there was of all time a ideal pupil saloon. Other restrictions could non be neglected every bit good. Due to the ground this is my first research, I am a comparatively inexperient interviewer, which may ensue non able to inquire prompt inquiries and some relevant informations might non be gathered. With the method of semi structured interview itself, non merely the informations could be inaccurate, but besides it could hold undependable informations as it is non-standardized and different inquiries were asked for the interview. And the cogency could be questionable as I am non able to happen out if the respondents were lying. Furthermore, sample of my research could be excessively little as I merely interviewed 15 interviewees and the figure of Chinese pupil participants and international pupils participants were non the same, this could make colored consequences. Meanwhile, the usage of focal point group may hold similar defects. Datas could be undependable and cogency should be argued every bit good as the little figure of r espondents bounds generalisation to the wider population. Besides during the procedure of making focal point group interview, there was a group member of international pupils ‘ group being over strong and dominant of the treatment which could do colored consequences. Methodology Participant observation Interview Ethical motives Reflexivity ( include demand features )

I Miss your Beauty and Vibes Essay

â€Å"A Mixed Tex-Cal marriage,† an article written by the author Jose Burciaga, Texan, tells us about his new life after getting married to a Californian woman, Cecilia. At first, the author tells that he thought that he and his wife have common ideas and beliefs because they were both Chicanos. Then, he shows that he was surprised when he noticed the different customs and ideas he and his wife have because they were from different grounds. They lived for a couple of years in Washington, DC and Alexandra, Virginia, then, they settled in California near the beaches and the soft weather. The writer argues that Texas Chicanos are more attached with their traditions than Californian Chicanos who show more Americanization. After some years, he grew to like California food and drink, but still missed the weather and the smell of Texas. From Burciaga s’ article, I can understand what he went through to get used to Californian traditions. Like him, I also miss my native land. Despite the beauty and extra opportunities in Chicago, my heart still aches for Oran. Oran is a wonderful city located in the northwest of Algeria, known for its beautiful beaches and food. Chicago to me is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, with its beautiful tall buildings, green spices. However, Burciaga was satisfied with the weather of California, like he says,† I am totally spoiled and laid-back in Northern Califias†, In contrast it was hard for me in getting used to the cold weather of Chicago. In fact, the difference between Oran and Chicago is evident in weather, beauty, movement and food. First, the weather of Oran is often beautiful and mild. In autumn, when we are on our way to school, the wind blows softly and rapidly as if its spirit is pushing me to be on time. When going back home at 12 pm for lunch the weather is warm, the sun sparkles, the birds sing, we’d think spring has already come. However, most of the autumn nights were horrible because the wind blew strongly; it sounds like bad spirits are trying to unlock the windows. By the winter the rain fell mostly at night, the buildings seem freshly washed and the roads are already dried in the mornings but the weather is cold. Stepping to March, the gardens and forests become green and full of flowers. Once May is over, the summer is already there. The weather is warm but not stifling and the sea at the beaches is sparkling and full of life with many swimmers. This is in contrast to Chicago where the weather is often unacceptable. In the winter, when I am outside, I am afraid that I will lose feeling in my legs when the freezing sensation emerges from the soft snow. Autumn in Chicago is a lovely, pale, orange view with the golden leaves covering the streets. It is disappointing when most of springy days are cloudy and rainy. Fortunately, we can see the mild warm weather during summer in Chicago. Second, Oran is a small, pretty city full of life. From a distance you can see the long green balcony along the city center next to the short pretty buildings engraved from top to bottom. Going through the city center, cafes are already full and active at 9 am and the roads are busy with the noisy cars. I lived in Bir El Djir, a quiet neighborhood 28 Km far from the city center. Bir El Dgir is a luxury neighborhood full of villas. From the window of our kitchen, I could see our beautiful garden and our neighbors’ gardens too, I could also overhear their conversations and shouting. I felt always happy and full of life in this lively environment. It is quite different in Chicago, a big wonderful city with more stillness. Downtown Chicago is a wide stretch of tall buildings, we notice any clutter or cracks in the roads, every building and road is shiny and neat, the luxurious clothes and furniture are apparent from the stores’ wide show cases. Tourists hang their shopping bags; they seem fascinated by the beauty of Chicago. Third,Oran is a city of Haute Cuisine. Along all the big avenues of Oran, the savory sweet smell of pastry travels from the bakeries. Approaching a bakery, our eyes are stunned with the colorful cookies. In front of the showcase, we can’t choose between the attractive pieces of pastry. I remember one of the soft chocolate pastries I once picked, covered with frothy cream; as much as I describe it can tell how it really tastes. Unlike Chicago, the land of immigration, where restaurants offer many food traditions. For example, I have been once in Us’mania , an Indian restaurant, where I tasted Biryani, a tasty spicy rice with chicken. Also, we go often to Pita Inn, a Lebanese restaurant where we like to order Shawarma, a thin long piece of grilled chicken, salad and tomato twisted in a thin bred. I am glad to discover many foreign traditions; I feel that I have visited many countries. In conclusion, Chicago is very cold in the winter, but I appreciate the magical time of snow falling. When skating in the ice rink, I feel like flying in the air. Downtown Chicago, is a magnificent place that i dream to visit every day; however, I always think about the lively activity of Oran and miss the savory pizza and dishes.

14 Sound Similes Evaluating Figurative Comparisons

14 Sound Similes Evaluating Figurative Comparisons In writing thats cluttered with clichà ©s, loud noises predictably sound like thunder, while sweet voices are likened to honey, angels, or bells. But in writing thats fresh and daring, unfamiliar comparisons may sometimes surprise, delight, or enlighten us. This doesnt mean that all original similes are effective. A far-fetched comparison may strike some readers as more distracting than revealing, more puzzling than entertaining. Ultimately, of course, how we respond to a figure of speech is largely a matter of taste. Drawn from recent works of fiction and nonfiction, these 14 similes about sounds should help you determine your taste in figurative language. Read each passage aloud, and then identify the similes that you think are particularly creative, insightful, or humorous. In contrast, which ones leave you bored, annoyed, or confused? Be prepared to compare your responses with those of your friends or classmates. 14 Sound Similes to Discover   Welshmen SingingWelshmen like Mr. Davis put great stock in Welsh singing, but to my Irish ears it sounds like men jumping off chairs into a bathtub full of frogs.(P.J. ORourke, The Welsh National Combined Mud Wrestling and Spelling Bee Championship. Age and Guile, Beat Youth, Innocence, and a Bad Haircut. Atlantic Monthly Press, 1995)Branches Scratching Against a WindowThe floorboards creaked in the room where Rain used to be, and the branches of the cherry tree in the front yard near Edgar Allan Poes grave swayed in the wind. They scratched against the glass with a soft tap, tap, tap. It sounded like a lizards paws. Then it sounded like a serpents tongue. Then it sounded like five weak fingers rapping on the windowpane, the same gentle fingers that used to comb and braid Alices hair.(Lisa Dierbeck, One Pill Makes You Smaller. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003)The Winner of the Eurovision Song ContestNobody knows what Edward II sounded like when he sang, but now the whole world knows w hat Conchita sounds like. She, or he, sounds like incoming artillery. One hundred and eighty million people in 45 countries were blown sideways by the uproar emanating from a young woman pretending to be Russell Brand, or perhaps it was Russell Brand pretending to be a young woman.(Clive James, Conchitas Voice Sounded Like Incoming Artillery. The Telegraph, May 17, 2014) A SneezeWithout warning, Lionel gave one of his tight little sneezes: it sounded like a bullet fired through a silencer.(Martin Amis, Lionel Asbo: State of England. Alfred A. Knopf, 2012)A BoyFor all his roughness and arrogance, the boy was transformed when he was in the presence of girls. He spoke in a voice as soft as the silken filaments that float out of a cocoon.(Carol Field, Mangoes and Quince. Bloomsbury, 2001)The Invisible NoiseDuring other sessions, Ive told her about the noise. The invisible noise that only I can hear- a noise that sounds like the mumbling of a million broken voices saying nothing at all or the hum of the wind through an open car window at seventy miles per hour. I can even see the noise sometimes. It circles above people like a clear vulture with sparks of electricity in its wings- hovering dangerously above their heads before swooping down.(Brian James, Life Is But a Dream. Feiwel Friends, 2012)Hoofbeats, Sabers, and ShotsThe street was alive with them, hollow-eyed and faceless astride coal-black horses, their muffled hoofbeats sounding like rapid shots miles away. Only these sounds were right here and I was in the midst of them. Sabers whistled. Once I heard a noise like a cooks cleaver striking half-boiled meat, a nauseating sound. Then there were real shots, hard and sharp, like derisive coughs, and metal-gray smoke that mingled with the white vapor exhaled by the horses.(Loren D. Estleman, Murdocks Law, 1982) Bob DylanEveryone who heard it- even the people who said that Dylan sounded like a dog with his leg trapped in barbed wire- knew Bob Dylan was a phenomenon.(Lewis Macadams, Birth Of The Cool. The Free Press, 2001)Leonard CohenIt is a penitents voice, a rabbinical voice, a crust of unleavened vocal toastspread with smoke and subversive wit. He has a voice like a carpet in an old hotel, like a bad itch on the hunchback of love.(Tom Robbins, Leonard Cohen. Wild Ducks Flying Backward. Bantam, 2005)The Reverberations of Train HornsWhen the train horns sounded and then were quiet, there were pure reverberations up and down the river that sounded like a plucked harp string or a piano note sustained by holding down a pedal.(Mark Knudsen, Old Man River and Me: One Mans Journey Down the Mighty Mississippi. Thomas Nelson, 1999)Cello MusicIt isnt music Louise has ever heard before. It sounds like a lullaby, and then it sounds like a pack of wolves, and then it sounds like a slaughterhouse, and t hen it sounds like a motel room and a married man saying I love you and the shower is running at the same time. It makes her teeth ache and her heart rattle.(Kelly Link, Louises Ghost. Poes Children: The New Horror, ed. by Peter Straub. Doubleday, 2008) Lyle FilbenderI took a deep breath and started to speak. I cant remember half of what I said, but I do know that I was at least a million times more inspiring than Lyle Filbender. He sounded like a defective robot in need of a battery change and had to be reprimanded twice for calling the Missions clients bums.(Maureen Fergus, Exploits of a Reluctant (but Extremely Goodlooking) Hero. Kids Can Press, 2007)A Voice on the PhoneCarl reached for the phone, his gut tightening. Even before he heard the voice on the other end, he suspected- no, knew- it would be him. You did real well, the voice said, a voice like dry leaves rustling down a sidewalk.(J. Michael Straczynski, We Killed Them in the Ratings. Blowout in Little Man Flats, ed. by Billie Sue Mosiman and Martin Greenberg. Rutledge Hill, 1998)Chains at the ForgeRails suspended overhead, from which black chains hung like jungle vines that clattered through their blocks, making a tooth-rattling noise, a noise like the jabbering of a tho usand jawbones in a thousand skulls.(John Griesemer, Signal and Noise. Hutchinson, 2004)

Lawrence Sports †Working Capital Policy Paper

Lawrence Sports – Working Capital Policy Paper Free Online Research Papers Lawrence Sports is a manufacturer and distributor of sporting goods equipment and protective gear. They have one major customer, Mayo Stores, which supplies 95% of the company revenues for Lawrence Sports. Mayo Stores is a leading world retailer and is in the process of expanding their business internationally. The expansion process has limited Mayo Stores’ ability to make the scheduled payments to Lawrence Sports. This is having a great financial impact on Lawrence Sports business operations (University of Phoenix, 2007). Lawrence Sports has two primary suppliers: Gartner Products and Murray Leather Works. Gartner Products is the largest supplier, providing approximately 70% of the materials for Lawrence Sports. Lawrence Sports is not a major customer for Gartner Products which could limit financial negotiation abilities. Murray Leather Works is a much smaller company. Murray Leather Works has been able to obtain Lawrence Sports as their primary customer, supplying 75% of their revenues. Negotiations with Murray Leather Works will need to be handled delicately. Delaying payments too long could have a severe impact on Murray Leather Works financial well-being. It will be important to structure agreements with both suppliers which allow for payment flexibility for Lawrence Sports (University of Phoenix, 2007). Lawrence Sports needs to build and maintain strong relationships with both their customers and suppliers. These relationships strengthen account negotiation processes. It will also provide for proper management of accounts receivables and accounts payables which will reduce the need to rely on borrowing from the bank line of credit (University of Phoenix, 2007). Properly managing cash reserves, credit policies, negotiating supplier strategies, and available bank financing will provide Lawrence Sports with an optimal working capital strategy. This strategy shall also be monitored to ensure suitable performance is being achieved. Working Capital Policy Cash balance requirements including cash reserves needed for long-term opportunities that may arise. Lawrence Sports needs to determine an ideal cash reserve. An ideal cash reserve is to find a proper balance between flexible financial policies and restrictive financial policies. Flexible financial policies include maintaining large cash balances and marketable securities, holding large balances in inventory, and offering liberal credit terms. Restrictive policies are the opposite of flexible policies low cash reserves, low inventory, and no credit sales. A restrictive policy could result in shortage costs. Shortage costs occur when current assets are low which result in payment defaults or creating a need to borrow (Ross, 2004). Lawrence Sports is required to maintain a minimum of a $50,000 cash balance in the bank at all times (University of Phoenix, 2007). This needs to be considered in determining the ideal reserve and reviewing cash budgeting. Cash budgeting includes examining the timeline of cash inflows and cash outflows and reviewing the sources and uses of cash. Currently, Lawrence Sports is faced with delayed payments from their primary customer, Mayo Stores, and a need to make payments to their suppliers. An alternative available is to borrow from a bank line of credit. This is not the preferred solution due to the high-interest costs incurred. Lawrence Sports needs to determine a target cash reserve for their company. The target needs to incorporate the minimum $50,000 required cash balance by the bank, determine a safety reserve for unforeseen expenses, and the cash required for the company operating cycle. Lawrence Sports may want to benchmark industry websites in determining an optimal cash balance. They can also review credit policies, supplier negotiations, and financing strategies to assist with cash requirements for the operating cycle. Credit policy that balances Lawrence Sports desire to minimize accounts receivable and maximize revenue. Lawrence Sports is currently faced with a collection issue with Mayo Stores. Mayo Stores is currently two weeks behind in their payments due to their international expansion efforts. Lawrence Sports has been informed to not expect any payments for an additional two weeks. The lack of cash inflows is creating financial burdens for Lawrence Sports. A review of the credit policy should be reviewed. Lawrence Sports has three different options in offering credit to customers: terms of sale, credit analysis, and collection policy (Ross, 2005). The terms of sale review the period to grant credit, cash discounts, and credit instruments. Three factors affect a decision to grant credit: the probability of non-payment, size of the account, and perish-ability (Ross, 2005). Mayo Stores is Lawrence Sports’ primary customer and a good relationship has been established. Products supplied to Mayo Stores are non-perishable. Providing credit terms generally increases sales. Denying credit to Mayo Stores could be a fatal decision. Therefore, payment negotiations need to be handled delicately. Lawrence Sports could offer a cash discount for payments received early. A cash discount such as 5/10/net 30 could be offered. This would encourage Mayo Stores to provide payments within the first 10 days by offering a 5% discount on the balance due. Payments not received within the first 10 days would not receive a discount (Ross, 2005). This would speed up cash inflows for Lawrence Sports and reduce the need to borrow bank funds. Lawrence Sports could re-negotiate credit instruments by requiring Mayo Stores to sign a promissory note, commercial draft, banker’s acceptance, or conditional sale contract. These instruments provide for a more formal collection policy where repayment ability may be questionable (Ross, 2005). Requiring a credit instrument could damage the relationship with Mayo Stores and may not be the best option to pursue. Supplier negotiation strategy for terms of payment that balances the costs to Lawrence Sports and their cash requirements. Lawrence Sports currently has two primary suppliers: Gartner Products and Murray Leather Works. Gartner Products is the major supplier for Lawrence Sports, but Lawrence Sports is not one of the primary customers. Therefore, losing business from Lawrence Sports would not have a large impact on Gartner Products. A delay in making payments to Gartner Products could limit the ability to receive supplies from Gartner Products. Murray Leather Works is a small supplier, but Lawrence Sports provides 75% of their revenues. Delayed payments to Murray Leather Works could have a severe impact on operations. Lawrence Sports has a couple of options available in making payments to the accounts payables. They could stretch the payables or re-negotiate their payment terms. Stretching payables allows a company to defer payments. This can be costly due to the loss of being able to take advantage of discounts (Brealey, 2005). Lawrence Sports would need to compare the cost of losing discounts versus the cost of using bank financing. The option that provides the most benefit to Lawrence Sports should be used first. Lawrence Sports could also re-negotiate their credit terms with their suppliers. Increasing the due date from 30 days to 45 to 60 days out would allow additional cash inflows to be received in order to satisfy the payment due dates. Increasing the credit period can reduce the price paid by the customer and can increase sales (Ross, 2005). Increasing the credit period may be beneficial for the suppliers. However, the suppliers would need to adjust their cash budgeting to accommodate the request. Short term financing strategy to ensure the availability of an adequate line of credit while minimizing the cost of that credit. Lawrence Sports has many bank financing options available to them. Some of these options include a revolving line of credit, bridge loans, term loans, and commercial paper. Lawrence Sports currently has a revolving line of credit available to them with a maximum borrowing limit of $1.2 million. Their account is set up to automatically transfer funds if the cash balance goes below the required $50,000 balance. The downfall to using the line of credit is the interest rate associated with borrowing. When the balance reaches $550,000 or higher, the interest rate charged is 16%. Lawrence Sports prefers to keep bank borrowing and the interest rate as low as possible (University of Phoenix, 2007). Other bank lending options include bridge loans and term loans. A bridge loan serves as short-term interim financing. Bridge loans are typically self-liquidating. Term loans for working capital purposes typically have a maturity of four to five years. These loans will normally have level payment amounts. Some situations allow these loans to have a balloon payment or a single bullet payment. Often term loans are renegotiated before maturity. Short-term loans often have a lower interest rate than lines of credit, making this an attractive feature. Term loans can require collateral. Collateral can consist of a pledge of accounts receivables, inventory, or other long-term assets (Brealey, 2005). Lawrence Sports could look to term loan financing for working capital needs. A term loan could be a viable option with a lower interest rate and set payment amounts. This payment structure could result in less demand on the working capital position. Lawrence Sports could also consider issuing commercial paper. Commercial paper eliminates the intermediary and allows the company to issue their own short-term unsecured notes directly to investors. They are typically issued for periods ranging from 60 days to 9 months. Often bank lines of credit are used as guarantees for commercial paper, therefore, reducing the risk involved. Lawrence Sports could consider issuing commercial paper. However, they will need to ensure their credit rating is very high. Investors are often reluctant to invest in low rated companies (Brealey, 2005). Lawrence Sports will want to examine their bank financing options in their working capital strategy. Bank financing will need to be used in situations where cash shortfalls exist between accounts receivables collections and cash outflows to accounts payables. An understanding of how the shortfalls arise and when cash inflows can be expected for repayment will be crucial in obtaining bank financing. Metrics that will be used to monitor performance against the policy. Lawrence Sports has a variety of methods and financial analysis tools to measure financial performance. As the Finance Manager, a regular review of the financial statements will be crucial. The information provided on the financial statements will allow for performance ratios and indicators to be created. Short-term solvency can be measured through the current ratio and quick ratio. Asset management can be monitored through the asset turnover ratio, receivables turnover ratio, and inventory turnover ratio. Leverage ratios, such as the debt-equity ratio and the long-term debt ratio, measure the company’s dependence on bank financing. Profitability is measured through the net profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity ratios (Brealey, 2005). Lawrence Sports will want to monitor these ratios on a regular basis. It is recommended that monitoring range from daily to the use of financial forecasting over a three to five year period. These various analyses will allow Lawre nce Sports to monitor their financial position at all times and make adjustments as necessary for long-term company viability. Ethical Implications Lawrence Sports will want to ensure their financial information is documented properly. Financial information that is not properly accounted for can mislead the financial division, lending institutions, as well as investors. Misreporting information leads to faulty financial positions which can lead to obtaining more funds than the company has the ability to repay. It can also result in legal implications of falsifying documents for financial gains. Legal issues can lead to business closures and the possibility of key management personnel serving jail time. The government has put financial reporting requirements in place to help avoid financial misrepresentation. However, a proper review of financial documents needs to be completed on a regular basis by multiple persons within the financial department to serve as a check and balances system. Conclusion Lawrence Sports has many working capital strategies available. A mix of managing cash inflows from accounts receivables, cash outflows for accounts payables, and bank financing options will provide for a strong working capital policy. A cash reserve balance also needs to be available for unforeseen expenses. The best policy for Lawrence Sports is to work with their customers to set collection policies that will provide for cash inflows as quickly as possible while maintaining strong relationships to encourage future sales and revenues for company growth. Lawrence Sports will also need to negotiate payment terms with their suppliers that will accommodate the cash inflow trends. Relationships with suppliers also need to be carefully negotiated to maximize payment terms while at the same time providing for cash inflows for the supplying companies to operate. This is a delicate balance to achieve. The preference is to have accounts receivables collected prior to accounts payables being due. Situations occasionally arise where accounts receivables collections need to be extended which can affect the ability to satisfy accounts payable due dates. In these short-fall situations, Lawrence Sports needs to have bank financing available. Lawrence Sports currently has a revolving line of credit available to cover shortfalls. The interest rate associated with the line of credit is extremely high. The preference is to minimize the use of the line of credit as much as possible. Lawrence Sports will want to communicate their financing policies with their employees to ensure maximum performance is achieved and employees are engaged in the company. Providing a full understanding of company policies will result in best performance on both an employee level as well as a company level. References Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C. Allen, F. (2005). Principles of corporate finance: Managing risk. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., Jaffe, J. (2005). Executive Summary (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. University of Phoenix. (2007). Working Capital Management. Retrieved September 19, 2007, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, Simulation, MBA 550 – Resource Optimization. Research Papers on Lawrence Sports - Working Capital Policy PaperCash or Card?International PaperGoogle Research PaperFalse AdvertisingGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsDigital Marketing Mix Google EssayGene One the Transition from Private to PublicInflation TargetingCauses of the 2008 Financial CrisisEmployment Law Essay